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Hingaada- Af-Dabaraha

Dabare Alphabet ( English Version )

The alphabet used for writing Dabare language is the same as the international Roman alphabet, with letters chosen to represent the Dabare phones (sound structure). It also uses digraphs i.e. a sequence of two letters to represent single sounds. The Dabare alphabet has five primary vowels: a, e, i, o, u, and one semi-vowel a"and twenty two consonants.
It lacks the letters x,kh and c found in Mahatiri Alphabet.

1. Consonants

B T TH J JH D R S SH DH G F Q K L M N NG W H Y Y'

B as in 'bat'
T as in 'tar'
TH as in 'There'
J as in 'jab'
JH Resembles English ch (Soft ch ) as the first sound in English 'cheek' not as in 'chemist'
D as in 'dance'
R as in 'rain'
S as in 'saint'
SH as in 'shark'
DH as in 'under'
G as in 'gas'
F as in 'far'
Q as in Qur'an(when reading in arabic)
K as in 'Katherine'
L as in 'lack'
M as in 'man'
N as in 'nab'
NG the sound produced by NG in English as in (listening, lightening, morning)
W as in 'want'
H as in 'hat'
Y as in 'yam'
Y' has the sound of French ni or English ni as in 'companion' or onion'

2. Vowels
Dabare has two major categories of vowels: short and long according to the position they occupy in the word in which they are located.

A E I O U

Short vowels/
Maay as in English
a tart
e say
i sit
o off
u put

Long vowels
Long vowels are spelled as double vowels. They are pronounced exactly like short vowels except that they are longer. Deletion of a second vowel may change the meaning of the word.

AA EE II OO UU

Maay as in English
aa car
ee day
ii bee
oo omen
uu flu

Semi-vowels

Dabare has one semi-vowel. which has different pronunciation sound produced by the vowel A.
for exemple:

Dabare/ English
minda"(Knife) (Dagger)
Moora" (xero) Animal enclosure
Tiita" (tixsi) Fly
Sagaara" Dikdik-East African Antelope
Misga"(masago) Sorghum
Mijha" (magac) Name
Berda"(berdi) Wild Fig (Ficus thonningii)- A type of fruit bearing tree
Weba"(webi) River
suba"(Qur'aanka oo lagu Subaca)Recitation of Qur'an

Pronunciation Guide

1. JH

The sound represented by JH has a palatal sound and is produced by placing the tongue against the middle of the roof of the mouth. Its pronunciation is close to the sound produced by the letter J . The following example illustrates how to pronounce JH.

Maay /English Translation
Jhiring (dilaac) Crack
Jhab (jab) Break, Get broken
Jheer (xishood) Shyness/Bashfulness
Mijhing (mijin) Wrist (Bone)

2. Y'

Y' with an apostrophe ( ' ) has a palatal nasal sound, i.e. it is pronounced with the tongue touching the palate with soft flow of air through the nasal passage and is identical to the Swahili sound represented by the digraph NY. The following words exemplify the sound produced by Y'

Maay /English Translation
Y'aay’ur (mukulaal) A male cat/Cat
Y’aay'a" (yaanyo) Tomatoes
Muy'u"q (muyac) Sour camel milk

Glottal stop ( ' )

The apostrophe ( ' ) represents the glottal stop. The glottal stop is produced when the glottis (the opening between the vocal chords) is tightly closed, stopping the air coming from the lungs. It contrasts with other consonants in Dabare language as shown by the following rule:

Two short vowels next to each other are separated by an apostrophe ( ' ) which represents the glottal stop as shown in the following examples.

Dabare/
English Translation

Ba’iid
Oryx

Su’aal
Question

La’aang
Lack of

Qur’aang
The Qura'an (The holly book of the Muslim religion)

Fi’il
Hostile adversary or Ambitiousness (Deep Motivation)

Spelling of Words in Dabare

Dabare/English Equivalents

| B |

Bal = leaves of stalk of plants like corn or sorghum

Bed= A unit for measuring area

Bir=Iron, steel

Bohol= Ditch, hole in the ground, ravine

Bukur= Milk vessel

Baal=Wing, feather

Beer= Farm, garden

Boor= Cry, weeping

Buur= Mountain.

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| T |

Tab=Tactic/trick, skill
Teneg= Big tin
Timir= Dates, date-palm
Tol= Clan relatives, descent group
Tub = Pile up, stock up
Teel= To distribute, make sparse, make scanty
Tiir= Pillar
Tuur = Hummock, hillock, hunchback.

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|TH |

itha"=you
aathaa=Your Mother
atheer=uncle

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| J |

Jawaab= Answer
Jer= exist
Jid= road, path, way
Jug = Bruise, injury with a blunt instrument, bump, bang
Jaaka"= jacket
Jeer= A day of the week
Jiir= Mouse, rat
Juuniya"(Jawaan) = Sack.

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| JH |

Jhab= To break
Jhiring= Crack
Jheeba"= Fire-wood
Jheer= Shyness, bashfulness
Jhuug = To utter a word or sounds.

| D |

Dab= Fire
Dereeng= Feeling
Dir= Send, dispatch
Dogong= Fool, idiot
Dugsy = Quranic school
Daab= Handle of an ax or hoe or Latent wound
Deeb= Ashes
Diirsi"= Warming for oneself, to build a fire and huddle around it
Doob=Bachelor
Duub = Turban, to wrap.

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| R |

Raqa"= Frog
Reg= men
Riya"= Nanny-goats
Ror= Load
Rung= Truth
Raas= Household family
Reer= Family household, Lineage, Clan, Tribe
Roor= Running
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| S |

Sar= stone, brick building
Sed= share, portion
Subug = Butter
Saar= Type of traditional folklore dance
Siibow= Pulling out
Soor = Porridge of sorghum, maize or other grain
Suur=Wooden trough (container) used for watering livestock.

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| SH |

Shang= Five
Shugul=work
Shaahi=tea
Sheeka"= Story
Shiid=stone.

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| DH |

Dhar= Clothes
Dhera"= Cooking pot made of clay
Dhib= Hardship/suffering
Dhowaang= Near, closeness
Dhul = Land
Dhaar =Oath, swearing
Dheel= Dance,
Dhiira"= Courage, bravery,
Dhooba"= Mud
Dhuung = Throat.

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| G |

Gar= Justice, equity
Ger= Beard
Gibil=skin
Goroor= A pile (circle) of harvested sorghum
Gaal= Camel, unbeliever
Geed= Tree
Giir= spotted color, Colored
Goob= Circle.

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| F |

Far= Finger
Fikir=Thinking, idea
Fokasha"= Escaping
Fura" = Key
Faar= Sticky eyelids
Feer = To punch, boxing
Fiid= Bud
Fool= Face, Birth labor
Fuujha" = Whistle.

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| Q |

Qalba"= Mind
Qereer= Bitter taste
Qibla"= Direction of Kaba in Mecca
Qula" = Wooden water bottle
Qaal= Expensive, dear
Qaarang= Calf, camel foal, young cow
Qiib= Part, portion
Qoor= Neck
Quursa" = despair.

| K |

Kal= Pestle
Kebed= mats, etc, tied on a burden-camel's back as foundation for the load/fibre coverings that form the top of small traditional hut
Kibir= Arrogance, conceit
Koba"= Shoes
Kulung = Meeting (Convention). Also a type of tree with edible fruit
Kiila" = Kilo
Koor= Camel bell made of carved wood
Kuul = Bead, Necklace.

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| L |

Lab= Male, Masculine, Blend, Mixture
Libing= Success, victory
Lo= Cattle= Lur = Pester, trouble
Laab= Chest, Mind
Leeb= Arrow
Loor= Sack, Large bagl
Luul = Pearl.

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| M |

Malmal= Myrrh, Aromatic resin, Incense
Magaad= A powder substance used for assuaging the bitter taste of tobacco which is identical to Magnesium paste,
Sagaal = Nine
Masaar Axe
Mugda" = Darkness
Mug = Amount a vessel can contain, Volume, Capacity
Maal= Pus, Wealth, To milk
Meel= Place
Miir = Consciousness, Intelligence
Mool= Deep water
Muuna" = Honor, Glory, Beauty.

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| N |

Nal= Light
Nebed= Peace
Neber= Wound, Boil, Abscess
Nolol= life
Nur = New grass, Green grass
Naar = Hell fire
Neebaang= Hatred
Noog(oof)= To be tired, Get tired
Nuur = Bright light.
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|NG|
Lang (Person)
Ming (Dwelling place)
Shang (Five)
Diddiing (Tortoise
alang (boy)
Deeng (Debt)
Sang (Nose)

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| W |

War= News
Wehel= Companion
Wadaad= Cleric, Man of religion
Waab= Small hut
Weeroow= Animal crying sound, Call
Wiinang= To grow up, Large size.

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| H |

Hal= One, She-camel (Female camel)
Hebed= Chest
Hilib= Meat
Hor= In front
Hanfa = Hot air, Humid
Haang= Water or Milk vessel (container) made of fibre or wood
Hiirow= Shaving
Hoora" =Traditional hut=
Huur = Humidity, Stuffy airless place.

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| Y |

Yas= Contempt, Despise, Belittle
Yeraang= Youthfulness, Being young, Little amount
Yur = Cry used to frighten wild animal or to reprimand/rebuke people
Yaab= Be surprised, Wonder
Yeemba= Hoe

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| Y' |

Y’aay’uur= Cat (Male cat)
Y’aay’a"= Tomatoes
Y’uuy’a"= Feminine name.

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ALIF Dabare ( Mahaatiri Version )

Farta Afka Dabaraha waxay ka kooban tahay 22 shibane, 5 shaqal iyo hal shaqal u yaal(semi vowel). Marka loo eego farta Afka Maxaa Tiri, waxa dheeraad u ah xuruufta (JH), NG iyo (Y’) iyo shaqal u yaal (A"). waxaana ka maqan xuruufta (x), (kh) iyo (c).

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1.Shibly (shibane)

B T TH J JH D R S SH DH G F Q

K L M N NG W H Y Y’

b) JH dhawaaqiisu wuxuu sameysmaa marka la isku qabto carrabka iyo dhabxanaga, wuxuuna u dhowyahay dhawaaqa xarafka (J), sida:

jhiring (dilaac) jhab (jab) jheer (xishood) mijhing (mijin)

t) Y`(waa xarafka Y oo xamso ( ` ) kor ka saaran) wuxuu sameynayaa dhawaaq ka soo baxa gunta dalqada(guttural) wuxuuna u dhow yahay dhawaaqa xarafka (Y) sida:

y’aay’ur (mukulaal) y’aay’y (yaanyo) muy’a" (muyac)

th) TH xarafkaan wuxuu lamid yahay kudhawaaqistiisa sida luqada ingiriiska loogu dhawaaqo th hadii tusaale idiin siiyo:
there,other iwm labadaas xaraf oo ingiriiska ah ayaa kudareensiin kara dhawaaqa uu bixinaayo xarafkaan.

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2. Shagal: (Shaqal)

A E I O U

AA EE II OO UU

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3. Shaqal uyaal:

(A")

Xarafkaan wuxuu ku dhawaaq dhow yahay xarafka shaqalka ah ee A laakiin wuu ka dhawaaq fudud yahay shaqalka A. inta badan dhawaaqiisa waxaa la xijiyaa xarafka shibanaha ah ee uu ku dhegan yahay.tusaale:

1-Suba"(Subaca Qur'aanka)
2-Minda"(Tooreey)
3-Tiita"(Tixsi)
4-Misga" (Masago, Haruur)
5-Sagaara"(Sagaaro)
6-sheeka" (Sheeko)

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t) Marka la is raaciyo xuruufta n, iyo g (ng) waxay yeelanayaan dhawaaq u gaar ah oo la mid ah dhawaaqa erayada luqada Ingriiska ( listening, lightening, morning) sida:

Lang, ming, shang, oong, diddiing

deeng ,sang ,saang, lung

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j) Hamsa ( ' )

Haddii ay israacaan laba shaqal oo aan ahayn shaqal dheer, waxaa loo dhaxeysiinayaa (hamsa), sida:

Ba’iid ,su’aal,la’aang, qur’aang, fi’il

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Heggaad:

b )

bal,bed ,bir, bohol, bukur, baal, beer, biira", boor, buur

t )

tab, teneg ,timir ,tol, tub, taab, teel, tiir , tuur

th)

itha",aathaa, atheer

j ) jawaab, jer, jid, jowjow, jug, jaaka", jeer ,jiir ,joog, juuniya",

jh ) jhab, jhiring, jheeba", jheer, jhuug

d ) deb, dereeng, dir, dogong, dugsa", daab, deeb ,diirow, doob ,duub

r ) raqa", reg, riya", roor, rung, raas, reer, riing

s ) sar, sed, so, subug, saar, seed, siibow, soor, suur

sh ) shang, sher, shir, sheleng, shugul, shaaha, sheeka", shiid, shoor, shuugow

dh) dhar, dhera", dhib, dhowaang, dhul ,dhaar ,dheel ,dhiira" ,dhooba" ,dhuung

g ) gar, ger ,gibil, garoor, gu,gaal, geed, giir ,goob ,guul

f ) far, fikir, fokosha", fura", faar, feer, fiid ,fool, fuujha"

q ) qalba", qereer, qibla", qosol, qulqul, qaal, qeerkaa, qiib, qoor, quursa"

k ) kal, kebed, kibir, koba", kulung, kaal, kiila", koor, kuul

l ) lab, libing ,lo, lur ,laab ,leeb ,liiling, loor, luul

m ) malmal, megaad ,misaar, mugda", mug, maal ,meel, miira", mool, muuna"

n ) nal, nebed, neber, nolol, nur, naar, neeb, nuur

ng) Lang,Ming,Shang,Diddiing,alang,Deeng,Sang

w ) war, wehel ,wadaad, waab, weeroow ,wiinang,

h ) hal, hebed, hilib, hor, haang, heeb, hiiroow, hoora"

y ) yes, yeraang, yur, yaab ,yeemba"

y') y’aay’uur,

y'aay'a",

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ALIF-Dabare ( Dabare Version )

Farta" Af-Dabaraa mee ku koobangtaa 22 shibla", 5 shagal iyo hal shagal ing yaal(semi vowel) agya". Marki luung fiirsada" farta" Afka" Mahaa Tirida, mee dheeraad ka agyaa (jh),(Ng) iyo (y’)i shagal ing yaal (a"). Meena Ka Maqanaa Xarfaa (x), (kh) iyo (c).

1. Shibla":

b t th j jh d r s sh dh g f q k l m n ng w h y y’

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2. Shagal:

A E I O U

AA EE II OO UU

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3.Shagal ing yaal(A")

A"- Xarafkeey shagalka A woo ing egya laakiin ka dhawaaq gedisiya" waa xaraf shanqartees ing muuqanawoo xarafka shibanaha agya oo usa" ka"dhegangya" woo dhawaaqees silaga dhegesa" usoo Sanka" gudaakees shanqartees saga beeda.meena sa"taawustaa Shagalka A oo si qafiif ah luung akrihii.tusaala agaang:

1-Suba"(Subaca Qur'aanka)
2-Minda"(Tooreey)
3-Tiita"(Tixsi)
4-Misga" (Masago, Haruur)
5-Sagaara"
6-sheeka"
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Weerdhingty Harfaa (jh, y`,th)

b) Harafka (jh) weerdhingtees haang tusaale isiing siisa" mee woonee

1-Jheedajheeda"(Geed Lagu ulo dhiilaha)
2-Jhiring(Tarar)
3-jhab(Jabid)
4-jheer(Xishood)
5-mijhing(Kalagooys-yada)
6-galaangjha"(Qaado Keed Laga sameeyey)
7-mujhulug(Cunug Hada Dhashay)

t) Harafka(y’) (y oo hamsada kor kufuusha") weerdhingtees haang tusaale isiing siisa" mee woonee:

1-Y’aay’uur(Yaayuur)

2-y’aay’a"(Yaayo ,Tamaadho)

3-may’a"(Muyaca Caanaha Geela)

th)Harafka th mee suluunka" dhawaaqaa sida luqada" ingiriiska gudaakee oo kale tusaale ahaang:

There, others
hoosteeyna mee ka"qoriiyaa harfa af dabara" agyaang

itha"(Adiga)
aathaa(Hooyadaa)
atheer(Adeer)

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j) Hamsa" (')

Marka lama shagal isreegalaang oo shagal dheerna ing aguuna nuska"soow Hamsa" woo sa" gesha" tusaala":

1-Ba`iid

2-su`aal

3-la`aang

4-fi`il

5-da`as